![]() This induces acute effects in diverse domains, such as physical endurance, vigilance, dexterity, mood, memory, and cognitive function. In the brain, caffeine acts as an antagonist of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, leading to hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. In the present work we aim to begin addressing that issue. Despite its widespread use it is surprising to note that a thorough characterization of the chronic effects of coffee upon the human brain is still lacking. Coffee has several constituents able to impact on human health, amongst which stems caffeine, which is the most widely consumed psychostimulant in the world. In conclusion, higher consumption of coffee and caffeinated products has an impact in brain functional connectivity at rest with implications in emotionality, alertness, and readiness to action.Ĭoffee is the most widely consumed beverage, with particular interest for human health in view of its short-term effects on attention, sleep, and memory and its long-term impact on the appearance of different diseases and on healthy span of ageing. CD showed higher stress levels than NCD, and although no other group effects were observed in this psychological assessment, increased frequency of caffeine consumption was also associated with increased anxiety in males. Importantly, all these differences were dependent on the frequency of caffeine consumption, and were reproduced after NCD drank coffee. The CD group also showed decreased functional connectivity in a network comprising subcortical and posterior brain regions associated with somatosensory, motor, and emotional processing as assessed with network-based statistics moreover, CD displayed longer lifetime of a functional network involving subcortical regions, the visual network and the cerebellum. In the neuroimaging evaluation, the CD group showed decreased functional connectivity in the somatosensory and limbic networks during resting state as assessed with independent component analysis. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was acquired in these volunteers who were also assessed regarding stress, anxiety, and depression scores. ![]() Subjects were recruited and divided into two groups: habitual coffee drinkers (CD) and non-coffee drinkers (NCD). ![]() This study provides the first extended characterization of the effects of chronic coffee consumption on human brain networks. Interestingly, the effects of its chronic consumption on the brain’s intrinsic functional networks are still largely unknown. Coffee is the most widely consumed source of caffeine worldwide, partly due to the psychoactive effects of this methylxanthine. ![]()
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